Laminate flooring is a popular choice for its durability, affordability, and ease of installation. However, achieving a flawless, long-lasting result hinges on having a perfectly level subfloor. Uneven surfaces can lead to squeaky floors, damaged planks, and an overall unsatisfactory installation. This comprehensive guide will walk you through the process of leveling your subfloor for a successful laminate flooring project.
Assessing Your Subfloor
Before you begin, a thorough assessment is crucial. Use a long, straight edge (at least 4 feet) and a level to check for high and low spots across your subfloor.
- Identify Uneven Areas: Place the straight edge across the subfloor in multiple directions. Check for gaps between the straight edge and the floor. Even small gaps (1/8 inch or more) can cause problems. Mark these uneven areas.
- Determine the Severity: Measure the height differences. Minor imperfections can often be addressed with self-leveling compound. Significant unevenness might require more extensive solutions, such as shimming or replacing damaged subflooring.
Common Subfloor Issues & Solutions
- Minor Unevenness: Small dips and bumps can be addressed with a self-leveling compound. This is a relatively easy and cost-effective solution for minor imperfections.
- Significant Unevenness: Large dips or high spots might require shimming (using wood shims to raise low areas) or even subfloor replacement. This is more labor-intensive but necessary for a stable and level surface.
- Squeaky Subfloor: Squeaks often indicate loose floorboards. Addressing this before installing laminate is critical. You can try tightening screws or using construction adhesive.
Leveling Your Subfloor: Step-by-Step
1. Preparation is Key:
- Clean the Subfloor: Thoroughly clean the subfloor to remove any dirt, dust, debris, or old adhesive residue. A broom and shop vacuum will do the trick. For stubborn adhesive, use a scraper.
- Repair Damaged Areas: Address any damaged or rotten areas of the subfloor before proceeding. This might involve patching, replacing sections, or even replacing the entire subfloor depending on the extent of the damage.
- Prime the Subfloor (If Necessary): Some self-leveling compounds require a primer for proper adhesion. Always refer to the manufacturer's instructions.
2. Using Self-Leveling Compound:
- Mix the Compound: Carefully follow the manufacturer’s instructions for mixing the self-leveling compound. Use a drill with a mixing paddle for a smooth, consistent mixture.
- Apply the Compound: Pour the compound onto the subfloor, starting at the furthest point from the exit. Use a notched trowel to spread the compound evenly, ensuring complete coverage of the uneven areas. Work in manageable sections to avoid the compound setting before you finish spreading.
- Allow to Dry: Let the compound dry completely. The drying time will vary depending on the product and the thickness of the application. Refer to the manufacturer's instructions.
3. Shimming for Significant Unevenness:
- Identify Low Spots: Use the straight edge and level to precisely identify low areas.
- Install Shims: Place wood shims under the subflooring in the identified low areas. Use construction adhesive to secure the shims. Ensure the shims are level and stable.
- Securely Fasten: Securely fasten the subflooring to the shims using appropriate fasteners.
4. Final Check:
Once the self-leveling compound is dry or shimming is complete, perform a final check using the straight edge and level to ensure the subfloor is perfectly level.
Choosing the Right Materials
Selecting the right materials is critical for a successful project. Consider these factors:
- Self-Leveling Compound: Choose a compound appropriate for your subfloor type and the extent of the unevenness.
- Wood Shims: Use high-quality wood shims that are appropriately sized and durable.
- Fasteners: Select fasteners that are suitable for your subfloor material and the shims.
Important Considerations:
- Moisture Barrier: Before installing the laminate, consider adding a moisture barrier to protect the flooring from moisture damage.
- Professional Help: If you're unsure about any part of the process, it's always best to consult a professional flooring installer.
By following these steps, you can ensure a level subfloor that will provide a stable and long-lasting base for your new laminate flooring. Remember, a properly leveled subfloor is essential for the longevity and beauty of your new floor.
